NMR has proven to be a valuable tool in the elucidation of various properties for many of these proteins, allowing versatile studies of structure, dynamics, and interactions in the solution state.
Cyclodextrins (CD) are the versatile excipients studied extensively for pharmaceutical applications.
Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool to study graphene; in particular, it can be useful in the study of number of layers, stacking order, and doping, etc.
PET is the most powerful and versatile approach to study neurotransmitter/receptor interactions.
Further development of skin tissues constructed with iPSC-derived cells will generate versatile models to study the pathogenesis of skin disease processes and to test the safety and efficacy of new products and drugs designed to treat these diseases.
In these areas, AFM is shown to be a useful and versatile tool to study micro and nanostructure, to probe mechanical properties or to investigate dynamic process at biomaterials surfaces and interfaces.
Most recently, resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) has been shown to be an extremely versatile spectroscopy to study both occupied and unoccupied electronic states for liquids in thermodynamic equilibrium.
By combining versatile tools to study and modify plants at different molecular levels, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is paving the way towards a new horizon for basic research and crop development.
The present paper sets the goals and outlines strategies how to use that sensitivity gain together with properly designed vibrational labels to make IR spectroscopy a versatile tool to study a wide class of proteins.
The micro-engineered environments have been developed as 2- and 3-D structures, which have proven greatly useful as versatile platforms to study cell, biomaterial, and ECM interactions on both macroscopic and microscopic levels.
