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The ascertainment and verification of diabetes cases has previously been described in detail (16).
Moreover, certain development cohorts used similar methods for verification of diabetes.
cDiabetes was defined as receipt of antidiabetic treatment or verification of diabetes in a case report form.
The strengths of this study are its large sample size of patients with type 2 diabetes, the verification of diabetes cases and the variety of patients (from Germany and the Netherlands), which enhances the generalisability of the results.
Other strengths include the large study size from which the cohort was drawn and the medical verification of diabetes status using external sources, which meant that loss to follow-up within the study did not affect the completion of case ascertainment.
Induction and verification of diabetes in rats Diabetes was induced in adult male Wistar rats (200 250 g body-wt; 6 7 weeks of age) by a single intravenous injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body-wt dissolved in 0.9% saline) as described [ 32]; control rats received 0.9% saline only.
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In a fifth sensitivity analysis we excluded 255 individuals for whom we had no verification information of diabetes status.
The verification process of diabetes cases was thorough, and included the use of questionnaires, hospital records, and laboratory reports.
Ascertainment and verification of incident diabetes have previously been described in detail (15).
Verification of incident diabetes was undertaken, for participants with <2 independent sources of information, by individual medical record checking, or confirmation from another independent source of information.
Other strengths included the study's large sample size, prospective design, verification of incident diabetes, and extensive information on individuals' characteristics.
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