The most commonly accepted professional interpreter role was as a "mouthpiece" who conveys spoken language verbatim, ensuring understanding and being confidential and impartial, but also translating the written information used in daily elderly care, such as menus.
In the selected data extracts, for ease of understanding, verbatim speech has been minimally adjusted and grammatical conventions were adhered to.
In the text that follows, participants have been identified by their general roles to facilitate understanding of verbatim quotes except where this could identify the participant.
Regarding the latter, for instance, proof that songs can improve memorization of scientific words might come relatively easily; a more ambitious study attempting to show that songs improve conceptual understanding beyond verbatim recall would be more interesting to educators but also more likely to fail.
The authority of American diplomats' analyses, often quoted verbatim from the cables, strengthened my understanding of the challenges the United States faces abroad.
Their conclusion: the relative slowness of writing by hand demands heavier "mental lifting", forcing students to summarise rather than to quote verbatim – in turn tending to increase conceptual understanding, application and retention.
Robin Soans, whose plays include Talking to Terrorists, said that above all "the audience for a verbatim play will enter the theatre with the understanding that they're not going to be lied to".
Each interview was transcribed verbatim, thoroughly read and summarised to acquire a global understanding of each participant's experiences.
The interview data were transcribed verbatim and thematic content analysis was used to establish an understanding of their meaning.
In Gunther's piece, he copies the line from the press release verbatim: "participated in one of the few expeditions solely aimed at understanding the abundance of plastic debris".
