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While the VEU approach measures vulnerability as utility derived from some certainty-equivalent level of consumption and expected utility of consumption, the VER approach captures household welfare loss due to lack of effective risk management tools [23].
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This study is done by the adapted Quantitative Descriptive approach to VeR data.
Gene expression stability was estimated with three various approaches: geNorm (ver. 3.5) [14], NormFonder [15] and BestKeeper [16].
To improve detection sensitivity, we used another software employing split-read approaches, Pindel (ver 0.2.5a4), [ 25] to detect medium to large structural variations (SV).
Phylogenetic analyses were based on a Bayesian approach using MrBayes ver. 3.1.2 (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck [2003]) and a maximum parsimony (MP) criterion using PAUP* ver. 4.0b10 (Swofford [2002]).
Alignment of the 12 protein coding genes was done by eye whereas the 22 tRNA genes and 12S+16S rRNA genes were aligned with a probabilistic multiple alignment approach using ProAlign Ver. 0.5 [ 57].
Three of the five are essential to Le Corbusier's design approach, as described in "Vers Une Architecture": "Considering the impact of a work of architecture on its site … the outside is always an inside".
Model based approach was utilized with Structure ver 2.3.4 software (Pritchard et al. 2000).
The nonsynonymous (N) to synonymous (S) nucleotide substitution rate ratio (dN/dS) for each UGT coding sequence (UGT1A1 and UGT1A6) were estimated using a maximum likelihood approach (CODEML module in PAML Ver. 4.4).
Phylogenetic analysis was performed on both nucleotide and amino acid sequences using a bayesian approach as implemented in MrBayes, ver. 3.1 [ 79, 80].
The tree topology, node ages and substitution rates were simultaneously estimated using a Bayesian MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) approach as implemented in BEAST ver. 1.4.8 [ 24, 37].
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