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Laboratory and clinical research evaluating glass fiber-reinforced composite prostheses used to restore and replace teeth has shown that these materials exhibit excellent mechanical properties and can form a chemical bond to resin-based veneer materials such as those used in the fabrication of certain types of implant prostheses.
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Incidentally, veneering porcelain was also used as the veneer material for zirconia copings.
In the future, it would be worthwhile to conduct follow-up surveys on the differences among veneering materials and prostheses as well as veneer material failure trends.
However, a trend is seen toward increasing indirect composite resin use as a veneer material for implant superstructures.
Possible reasons include this region not being an aesthetic area and veneer material fracture and chipping problems that have yet to be completely resolved [23,41,42].
However, the high rate of requests for facing repairs makes it clear that veneer material chipping and similar issues are occurring at a high frequency [25-27] [25-27]
Concerning the types of prostheses used in the posterior region (Q6) (Figure 3), PFM design accounts for about 40% of the total, although the questionnaire also revealed a trend (in 9.1% of all cases) toward metal occlusal designs to avoid fracture and chipping of the veneer material.
Adhesive failure does not occur in the presence of a good bond between a compatible ceramic core and veneer material.
The 13 zirconia restorations, on the other hand, revealed distinct fracture features in both core and veneer material (Fig. 4).
Moreover, these bilayer systems have several disadvantages including the multistep manufacturing process, low toughness of the veneer material, and weak bonding between veneer layer and coping [ 6].
However, the strength of all-ceramic crowns relies upon the core as well as the veneer material, whereby a bilayer system with a strong and tough Y-TZP core veneered with translucent but brittle porcelain tends to fail prematurely.
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