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Low velocity (lower than 10 m·s−1) impacts with highly deformable rubber impactor are addressed.
149 (1984) 255 273; T. Mizota, Doctoral Thesis, Faculty of Engineering Kyushu University, Japan, 1984 (in Japanese)] at the wind velocity lower than the resonant velocity.
For each configuration the highest K2 values (from 1 to 2%) were found corresponding to A0 mode phase velocity lower than the liquid medium compressional velocity (1480 m/s).
The front for the slowest crack can be approximated with an ellipse of semi-axes a = 3h and b = 0.85h (h stands for the specimen thickness), which agrees well with the conclusion inferred from a propagation velocity lower than 1700 m/s by Sherman and Be'ery16.
This may imply that an ECC flow of a low velocity, even a velocity lower than that previously reported, is very likely to be obtained when the shrinkage and compression of the ECC is negligible.
In pavement cells, 64% of the total particles had a velocity lower than 0.25 μm/min, whereas in petiole cells, 61% of the particles had a velocity higher than 2 μm/min.
Similar(51)
Compared with the minimum impact velocity of 5 ms−1 for splashing in successive drop impingement, we observe the side aerosol dispersion for impact velocities lower than 2 ms−1.
For fuel velocities lower than this value, the transition between the edge and the diffusion structure is reversible, and the flames exhibit bistable behavior.
Specimens impacted at velocities lower than 40 m/s exhibited response and deformation patterns that are very similar to those observed under quasi-static crushing.
For a combustor with gap size of 0.8 mm, a residence time higher than 3 ms is required to prevent breakthrough, and inlet velocities lower than 0.8 m/s are the most desirable operation regime.
Although it has always been considered that it is difficult for a PV jet of low flow rate to penetrate the TBL, it is found in this study that the TBL is penetrable even at invading velocities lower than the normally recognized value of 0.3 m/s.
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