Of the 52 healthy volunteers, 44 had basilic veins measured in both arms, and 8 subjects had one basilic vein measured.
An ultrasound scan of abdomen revealed an enlarged spleen (15.2 cms), portal vein measuring 11 mm in diameter (upper limit of normal) and prominent veins noted at the splenic hilum.
Duplex ultrasonography of the superficial femoral vein measured normal flow and cross-sectional area in the standing and supine positions (with the lower limb initially horizontal and then elevated).
Where they cut diorite, which has not been pervasively rodingitized, the veins measure up to 8 cm thick and are prehnite-, feldspar- either albite or K-feldspar) or more rarely grossular-rich.
Witting has shown that patients with antecubital veins measured less than 4 mm (they did not specify external vs. internal diameter vein measurements) had a 61% overall ultrasound guided antecubital catheterization failure rate [15].
A 5-F catheter was placed through the external jugular vein to measure the central venous pressure.
A pulmonary artery catheter (CCO, Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) was put in place from the left jugular vein to measure cardiac output (CO) and central temperature.
A PreSep Oximetry Catheter (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) was inserted via right jugular vein to measure central venous pressure (CVP) and central venous O2 saturation (ScvO2), and hemodynamic monitoring was performed using the FloTrac/Vigileo system (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA).
After the surgical preparation, one optical fiber was placed 1 mm above the decapsulated kidney, and another optical fiber was placed 1 mm above the renal vein to measure renal microvascular and venous oxygenation using phosphorimetry.
After the surgical protocol (approximately 60 min), one optical fiber was placed 1 mm above the decapsulated kidney and another optical fiber 1 mm above the renal vein to measure oxygenation in the renal microvasculature and renal vein, respectively, using phosphorimetry.
