Hence, it improves vehicular communication efficiency by facilitating more efficient radio spectrum usage.
In view of this, using cognitive radio (CR) technology in VANETs will enable more efficient radio spectrum usage and, in turn, improve vehicular communication efficiency.
Furthermore, we would like to design other applications oriented to influence the traffic flow and to improve the vehicular traffic efficiency.
Motivated by consumers' demand and supported through public sustainability funding schemes, the automotive and fuels industries continuously increase efforts in the development of low-carbon vehicle and fuel technologies, including greatly improved vehicular fuel efficiency and light-weighting [31].
In order to meet these challenges, researchers propose a variety of technological solutions, including greatly improved vehicular fuel efficiency, alternative fuels and propulsion systems, and carbon capture and storage.
This spectrum scarcity causes degraded vehicular communication efficiency for safety applications (e.g., collision warning, road traffic reporting), bandwidth demanding real-time multimedia (e.g., video and audio streaming), and other legacy applications (e.g., email, web surfing, and so on) [1 5].
The integration of information and communication technology with transport infrastructure and vehicles would enable an array of vehicular safety, traffic efficiency, and infotainment applications.
In addition, there is much interest in improving the efficiency of vehicular communications.
The Cooperative Awareness Basic Service and Decentralized Environmental Notification Basic Service have been standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to support vehicular safety and traffic efficiency applications needing continuous status information about surrounding vehicles and asynchronous notification of events, respectively.
