In fact, extensive efforts have been made to control crankcase, evaporative, and exhaust emissions from new on-road vehicles through the implementation of emission standards for new vehicles.
While the BAU scenario considers the increase in the efficiency of internal combustion engines, the RIC scenario adds the commercialization of electric vehicles and the implementation of an economic subsidy for ethanol, also supporting consumers and producers of sugarcane.
The district health system has been sanctioned as the vehicle for the implementation of primary health care at the community level [ 5].
Scenarios were developed to include business as usual (BAU), the introduction of compress natural gas (CNG) technology, vehicle retirement program, the implementation of hybrid vehicles energy mix which considers future behavioral factors.
On the contrary, not accounting for balking vehicles leads to the implementation of inefficient policies.
More importantly, not every region will experience decreases in vehicle emissions after the implementation of a road charging policy.
There are few points that can be influenced by the managers of trucking companies as the choice of the vehicle type and the implementation of intelligent transportation scheduling systems (ITSS) [44, 46].
In addition, the autonomous vehicle technology could facilitate the implementation of dynamic ride-sharing (DRS).
To avoid the inter-vehicle interferences and reduce the implementation complexity, we employ a TDMA-based scheduler which selects a single source-relay pair to access the channel during one scheduling unit (the selection criterion will be given in the next section).
We find that while residential applications such as vehicle-to-home and smart home systems are realisable in the near future, grid-scale uses of EV batteries for generation, storage or for V2G will only be deployed in the long term when sufficient vehicle adoption rates justify the implementation of new control architectures.
