The cells were then tested to a shallow cycling regime and to a simplified hybrid electric vehicle cycle.
Further, future work should consider the total vehicle cycle burdens for these aircraft, once there is more clarity on material selection, manufacturing processes, design, and disposal.
Although direct comparisons with internal combustion engine driving cycles are not that informative or relevant due to the marked differences between how they and electric vehicles operate, some discussion around how the developed electric vehicle cycle relates to them is also included.
We have challenges, of course, because we have long vehicle cycles, whereas the internet industry and the consumer electronics industry is very fast.
The validation is made with a high-fidelity model running a WLTC (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle).
Presented manuscript investigates the current sustainability research within the automotive industry, through a comprehensive review of the different studies in vehicles' life cycle, disposal and end of life analyses, and the different sustainability metrics and models used to quantify the environmental impact.
The simulation platform was eventually used to assess the energy benefits of the sliding vane pump over a centrifugal machine along the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) with respect to a fixed geometrical configuration and an optimized one achieved through a control on the eccentricity between stator and rotor that tuned up the flow rate on the cooling demand.
In Table 3, a comparison of WTW emissions and use cost based on current electricity and fuel prices in Greece, of a pure EV (Nissan Leaf), an EREV Chevrolet Volt/Opel Amperaa), a typical HEV (Toyota Prius), the 3 best-selling conventional Segment A, B, C vehicles (Fiat Panda, Opel Corsa, Opel Astra city cycle consumption) and targets set by the EU for 2012 and 2020.
High-performance computing (HPC) and surrogate modeling methods are utilized to facilitate vehicle studies in a realistic time-frame to impact vehicle design cycle.
For example, a vehicle's dwelling time in a station depends on the flow of passengers boarding and alighting in that station; then, the dwelling time influences the vehicle's cycle time, which influences route frequency; in turn, route frequency influences incoming and outgoing flows per vehicle.
