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IL-1β stimulation for 24 h led to a significant CGRP release compared to vehicle stimulation (* p = 0.042) which was not altered by pre-treatment with MTP (100 nM or 10 μM) (p > 0.05, compared to pre-treatment with PBS).

IL-1β (10 ng/ml) but not vehicle stimulation (PBS) resulted in significantly enhanced CGRP levels in the supernatant of cultured trigeminal ganglia cells after 24 h (*p = 0.031 vs. vehicle).

There were no significant differences between CGRP release in the IL-1β + COX-inhibitor groups and vehicle + vehicle stimulation (257±40 SEM pg/ml; n = 10; p>0.10.

COX-2 mRNA expression peaked after 3 hours (∼7 fold increase; n = 5; p<0.05) and declined after 6 hours but was still significantly (∼3 fold; n = 4; p<0.05) increased compared to vehicle stimulation.

Data are presented as fold change (or log2 fold change) compared to vehicle stimulation.

The PCA indicated that the transcriptome after IGF1 treatment was most different from vehicle stimulation.

Similar(54)

Cultures were treated with or without LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 hours prior to haemin (30 μM) or vehicle (DMSO) stimulation for 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours.

Mast cell activation was also analyzed in control mice with an intrascrotal injection of PBS supplemented with 0.01% BSA as well as in mice receiving either cromolyn, MK-886, BN 52021, or drug vehicle undergoing intrascrotal stimulation with plasmin.

Additional experiments were performed in control mice, mast cell-depleted mice as well as in mice receiving either cromolyn, BN 52021, MK-886, or respective drug vehicle undergoing intrascrotal stimulation with plasmin (2.0 µg intrascrotally; n = 6 each group).

After 20 min from drug or vehicle injection, electrical stimulation pulses were applied through the electrodes implanted in the orofacial motor cortex for 20 min (pulse of 0.1 ms at 50 150 µA; 100 Hz, 160 ms trains repeating once × second) and samples were collected for 2 additional hours.

As shown in Fig.  4c, pretreatment of serum starved QGY-7703 cells with PP2 caused a marked decrease in the invasion potential as compared with vehicle upon α2M* stimulation.

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