But the vehicle movements appeared jittery, leading the designer to settle on human opponents.
Understanding vehicle movements, Mr Aggarwal says, is especially helpful to intelligence and security experts in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Streets normally choked with traffic were virtually deserted because of an eight-hour ban on vehicle movements, and shops were shuttered.
In September 2013, the chief executive of Celtique, Geoff Davies, said: "We recognise that the vehicle movements associated with the proposals has been a key issue for many".
The force said the software was being tested using "dummy data" to explore how it could be used to examine "police vehicle movements, crime patterns and telephone investigations".
Police used automatic number-plate recognition to track the suspects' vehicle movements through London and south-east England, jurors were told.
The unit also recorded sounds of troop and vehicle movements, which were blared from speakers in the back of trucks to create an auditory illusion.
We have used dummy data to look at how the software works and have explored how we could use it to examine police vehicle movements, crime patterns and telephone investigations," he wrote in an email.
The data patterns built up by tracking vehicle movements, credit-card use, phone calls and contact matching produce a sophisticated and almost infinitely subtle tool for monitoring and predicting behaviour.
They argued that communications providers should retain everyone's data for a year, which, given reported abuse of police databases and the automatic number recognition system that tracks vehicle movements, was extremely worrying.
Already implemented are GPS tracking logs of vehicle movements, and smart water systems that notify operators about declining water supplies or pipes degrading to the point where they will need repair.
