The concentrations of Cd and Zn in urban soil generally increased with the population growth, vehicle use and coal consumption.
The model results confirmed the important roles played by the built environment in influencing VMT and vehicle energy consumption.
A typical example is the field of vehicle fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in Europe.
Chinese car output is rising so fast that even with better fuel efficiency per vehicle, oil consumption and emissions of global warming gases will keep rising.
"Right-sizing" alone could cut vehicle energy consumption nearly in half, and eliminating congestion could decrease it by another 2 to 4 percent8.
Past AGREA-related research (Mexico City Project), and that of the Texas Transportaion Institute show that worsening traffic congestion may have a large impact on vehicle fuel consumption and emissions.
Electric vehicle energy consumption may be minimized redesigning specific car parts in order to not compromise crashworthiness aspects.
For the two different travel types, the direct, indirect, and total effects of the built environment measurements on VMT and vehicle energy consumption were discussed.
From January to November 2014, UK vehicle oil consumption ran at around 1.47bn litres per month, but over the same period this year it has fallen to around 1.44bn litres per month, despite the drop in petrol prices.
The study, released in a recent peer-reviewed report, is the first to use mathematical modeling rather than roadway experiments to look at the effect of pavement deflection on vehicle fuel consumption across the entire U.S. road network.
