Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(55)
Fluorescence decays of these samples (vegetative bacteria, bacterial endospores, fungi, albumins and several flours) were measured with stroboscopic technique using an EasyLife LS system PTI.
To obtain only the spores the vegetative bacteria were separated by centrifugation at 4000×g (10 min, 4 °C) applying a fourfold washing by sterile, distilled water.
Bacterial spores, vegetative bacteria, and viruses are all inactivated by the nitrogen gas plasma (Sakudo et al. 2014; Maeda et al. 2015).
The interaction of nanoparticles with microorganisms is a developing area of research that has included the evaluation of the antimicrobial capacity of certain silver-containing nanoparticles against vegetative bacteria and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV -1 [5, 6].
To test this prediction, we purified the uncharacterized B. anthracis PGN from vegetative bacteria.
Toxin impairment of the host immune system allows vegetative bacteria to replicate, disseminate and eventually kill the host.
Similar(5)
In the 1960s, a low-molecular-weight (<15 kDa), protein-free extract capable of protecting sensitive bacteria against the lethal effects of ionizing radiation was prepared from Deinococcus radiodurans [13], a vegetative bacterium which represents life's utmost limit for ionizing radiation resistance, capable of surviving 12,000 Gy [14] [16].
Subtypes have been identified within some serotypes based on amino acid variation from approximately 2 to 32% [2], like BoNT/A1 to BoNT/A4 for serotype A. This anaerobic spore-forming bacterium is ubiquitous in the environment and can germinate under suitable conditions to yield the vegetative bacterium which synthesise the toxin [3].
The spore can quickly outgrow into a vegetative bacterium upon stimulation by an environmental cue.
The bacterium is normally found as an endospore in soil where a chance encounter with an animal can permit entry through a wound, food or inhalation leading to germination of the spore into a vegetative bacterium.
The D-values for the vegetative test bacteria in 0.025% (250 mg/L) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) solution (pH = 7.0) ranged from 4.7 min for S. aureus to 7.5 min for both E. cloacae and E. coli, the D-values of which were close to those determined for the same strains exposed to 0.1% NaDCC solution.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com