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Soil nutrient enrichment was significantly associated with a scale of vegetation modification in order from: (1) intact forest, (2) remnants with native understorey (UDN), (3) remnants with exotic understorey (UDE), (4) plantation and (5) pasture.
Much is known of the detailed processes of vegetation modification along the Mediterranean, since they have been observed and studied since Classical times, and a good deal is also known from the more than three centuries of study of the Cape area of South Africa, but until the late 19th century very little was understood about these processes in tropical Africa.
Sustainable energy supply challenges have provided key areas of concern in African cities. Considering the links between vegetation modification and woodfuel production, consumption and exchange in cities, academics and policy actors are turning attention to the matter as it forms key challenges to social and environmental sustainability.
Previous studies in North America have shown that, through vegetation modification, ungulate activity can alter woodland bird assemblages; as far as we are aware this is the first experimental demonstration of effects in Europe, and at low to moderate browsing intensity typical of the wider landscape scale.
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We consequently tried to analyse the role of topographic and vegetation modifications on the smectite content.
These vegetation changes implied a modification of the climate toward warmer and drier climate conditions than present.
The integrated palaeoecological records across the study area collectively indicate human interference with natural vegetation succession and landscape modification from at least the Middle Neolithic.
The City Council gave preliminary approval on Tuesday to a revised ordinance that deals with the protection and restoration of native vegetation and prohibits fuel modification activity in new areas without a public hearing.
Because of the difficulty of diagnosing Q fever endocarditis with the current Duke's criteria, particularly when blood cultures are negative and vegetation is absent, a modification has been suggested so that a single positive blood culture or a high anti-phase I antibody titer is considered diagnostic (22 ).
Altitudinal modifications of vegetation are clearly discernible on the high East African peaks near the Equator (e.g., Kilimanjaro and Mounts Kenya and Elgon), and a rich forest belt much reduced upslope by human activities, except where the land has been reserved clothes the zone that receives the maximum rainfall and is free of frosts (up to about 5,000 to 6,000 feet).
We analyzed water storage potential under assumed full-scale adoption of NT and CT cropping practices in the Palouse region of eastern Washington State by applying the Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) with modifications to represent the physical changes to infiltration, evaporation, and runoff that result from tillage management.
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