Temporal patterns of crop-specific densities of skylarks could be explained in terms of vegetation-dependent nest predation risk and foraging conditions.
For instance, vegetation-dependent attack rates can generate alternative stable states, in one of which the predator effectively limits herbivores to low numbers, freeing plants of substantial regulation by herbivory, and in the other of which the predator is either absent, or present as an ineffective top trophic level.
This distinction may be important because there is some evidence that the effect of green spaces on air pollutants is vegetation-dependent, with trees being the most effective and grasses being the least effective (Givoni 1991).
Effective conservation of biodiversity in patches of (semi-) natural vegetation is dependent on an understanding of the influence of management as well as spatial and temporal factors.
Pulse regime effects on fluvial vegetation are dependent on more than the topographic position; other aspects of the dynamics of fluvial systems such as the geomorphologic architecture, sediment load and channel dynamics should be included in order to explain the floristic differentiation of the Parana River floodplain vegetation.
At such latitudes, the vegetation is highly dependent on soil bacteria, which cycle nitrogen to the roots.
Because Doñana is so flat, Mr Ferrer says, its natural vegetation is heavily dependent on narrow bands of earth remaining moist, and any change in water level has exceptionally harsh effects.
These differential responses to removal of under-canopy vegetation are possibly dependent on the type of vegetation that occurs as well as the different mechanisms underlying competition between the planted crop and the under-canopy vegetation.
Similarly, the canopy effects of tree species on micro-climate may provide a facilitation effect for germination (Martens et al. 1997), as understory vegetation is primarily dependent on the moisture available beneath tree species in semi-arid tropical environments.
Another way to put this may be that the respondents' perception about the statement "Population growth and urbanization in Lahore are the two major causes of vegetation loss" is dependent on the individual's gender, age, marital status, education, income, and occupation. 5.
