Equilibrium occurs when the resultant force acting on a point particle is zero (that is, the vector sum of all forces is zero).
For a single particle, equilibrium arises if the vector sum of all forces acting upon the particle is zero.
From early in the twentieth century, a common view of collective action in pluralist group politics was that policy on any issue must be, roughly, a vector sum of the forces of all of the groups interested in the issue (Bentley 1908).
Here the resultant cutting force,Fr, is the vector sum of the tangential force,Fx, and normal force,Fz.
The equilibrium state of the contact angle which represents minimum total interfacial energy is obtained when the vector sum of the horizontal force components among the solid-liquid, liquid-vapor, and solid-vapor interface is zero.
Typically, this value is the vector sum of the gravitational force imparted by the overlying strata, the regional principal compressive stress, the regional principal stress as well as the fault dip angle.
The prevailing theory of propulsion generation relates to Newton's second and third laws of motion where propulsion is the vector sum of drag (F D : force opposite to the direction of fluid flow) and lift (F L : forces that are perpendicular to the fluid flow) forces [ 4, 5].
The vector sum of right and left pedal forces (in the crank coordinate system) was used for further analysis (Lorås et al. 2009).
Furthermore, a rotation about the cantilever axis would cause asymmetric displacements measured by the two sensors, which not affects the magnitude of the measured force (vector sum of the two components).
The vector sum of the frequency-weighted r.m.s.
The momentum of any collection of particles is equal to the vector sum of the individual momenta.
