Vector projected ({varvec{P}_g}) on (O_mathrm{G}-x_mathrm{G}y_mathrm{G}) plane.
Vector projected ({varvec{P}_i}) on (O_mathrm{G}-x_mathrm{G}y_mathrm{G}) plane.
Transverse momentum is the component of the momentum vector projected onto the plane perpendicular to the beams.
Therefore, we claim that the gene module is specific for a condition if it fulfills two criteria: (1) the length of the gene module vector projected on the condition vector is relatively long, and (2) the gene module vector is almost perpendicular to the connected line (e.g., the blue line in Fig. 1) between any other two conditions.
(17) We also define the lth-Segment Projection Vector vec{{mathbb{T}}}^{(l)} :=frac{Omega_{l}}{2} bigl(cos (phi_{l}),sin (phi_{l}),0 bigr) (18) to compactly express the control variables - namely Rabi rate and the rotation-axis vector, projected onto the xy plane of the Bloch sphere - associated with evolution during the lth unitary.
Since the z-component of u → is zero, the lift force vector projected on the mid-plane F → L,mid is expressed as F → L,mid = F → L · e → r e → θ = A ω d μ - u θ u r ≡ F L - u θ / u u r / u, (26).
The azimuthal angles (in degree) in Fig. 4a, b (the angle between the +x axis and the velocity vector projected in the xy-plane, calculated in the clockwise orientation) clearly show the sudden changes in of the current and electron flows in the xy-plane, respectively, whereas, there are no obvious jumps in the magnetic field (Fig. 4c) and the number densities (Fig. 4d).
The independent factors were forearm posture and the level of voluntary force; subjects were treated as a random factor, and the dependent factors were the angles of the stiffness orientation vector projected into the XY and YZ planes.
λLean was then calculated as the angle between the z-axis and the ski-COM vector projected to the y−z plane (figure 3).
dFore/Aft was defined as the cosine of the fore/aft angle, which is the angle between the z-axis and the ski-COM vector projected to the x−z plane (figure 3).
