This measure, referred to as Mean log rent, is computed by regressing the log of gross rents, R, for each rental housing unit i in area j on a vector of housing characteristics, H, and a vector of area fixed-effects 5,π: ln R ij = H ij Γ + π j + u ij (3).
As such, we include a vector of area-level dummies interacted with mother's year of birth to account for these community-specific unobserved trends and test for residual confounding.
The strong inducibility in hypoxia that is conferred by the minimal CA9 promoter may be of use in targeting gene therapy vectors to areas of tumour hypoxia (Dachs et al, 1997).
Here, ỹ sim is a 5 × 1 vector of simulated hypoxic areas for a given five-year period, ỹ is the predicted (i.e., mean) response, u is a vector of independent samples from a standard normal distribution, and C is the upper-triangular matrix obtained by Cholesky decomposition of the covariance matrix for the predictions (eq 10).
end{aligned} (2 with (floodplain access) a vector of unitless floodplain area values, scour the scour in meters, and (scour_{min}) the user-defined threshold scour value.
The optimization model (23) developed in section 2 can be summarized by (36), where ({varvec{P}}_{{{text{AC}},d}}) and ({varvec{P}}_{{{text{AC}},fs}}) are the decision vector and fuzzy stochastic vector of the AC area, and ({varvec{P}}_{{{text{DC}},d}}) and ({varvec{P}}_{{{text{DC}},fs}}) are the decision vector and fuzzy stochastic vector of the DC area, respectively.
An. arabiensis remained as the potential vector of the urban area of Antananarivo, rice fields are their principal breeding sites.
Occurrence of Leishmania vectors in areas of naturally infected hounds indicates a coalescence of components for establishment of a sylvatic and/or domestic cycle of L. infantum.
14 The high proportion of HBI 18 and the moderately frequent occurrence of An. marshalli indoors suggests a need for further investigations into its potential role as a vector of malaria in this area and other areas in Ethiopia.
The post-tsunami conditions were thought to be high risk for a malaria epidemic, with massive displacement of a semi- or non-immune population, temporary and crowded housing, standing water with the creation of new vector breeding areas, and disruption of the public health and health care system.
