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A crack deflection criterion based on the J-integral vector is introduced and implemented into a crack growth model.
When the vector is introduced into a bacterial cell and replicates, the mutated strand will act as a template for a complementary strand that will also be mutant, and thus a fully mutant molecule is obtained.
A descriptor sliding mode approach is presented, where an auxiliary descriptor state vector consisting of system state vector, actuator fault vector, and virtual sensor fault vector is introduced to construct a new augmented descriptor system, based on which a novel descriptor sliding mode observer is designed for system state estimation and fault/noise reconstruction.
A so called meter vector is introduced.
So new variable r(t), rotated vector, is introduced.
A momentum vector is introduced in terms of the characteristic function as η = η 0, …, η n = ∂ ξ ∗ f = ∂ f ∂ ξ 0, …, ∂ f ∂ ξ n, where ξ ∗ = { g μ ν ξ μ }.
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Then, the constructed binary vector was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens (EHA105) and used to transform tobacco BY-2 cells as previously described41.
m n 45S rRNA promoter in a luciferase vector was introduced to N2a cells containing WT LoNA, mutant LoNAs, LoNA shRNA, or NCL shRNA, respectively.
Using a calibrated video system, two new features based on the gravity vector are introduced for fall detection.
In [16, 17], Lie brackets, the parameter map, and the velocity vector are introduced.
The engineered vector was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain EHA105, by electroporation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com