DCE-MRI was used to determine Ktrans, ve, time-to-peak, initial slope and the fraction of non-enhancing pixels, complemented with immunohistochemistry.
The following ventilatory variables were measured at baseline and 12 hours: tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VE), inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), and plateau pressure after end-inspiratory pause (Pplateau) [ 3].
This lower decrease in VE over time (26%) observed in the previous season relative to the VE in our study for the 2011 2012 season (46%, data not shown) highlights the possibility that even in a usually timed season with a predominant circulation of a well-matched A(H1N1 pdm09 influenza virus, the influenza vaccine exhibits a degree of waning immunity.
In sensitivity analysis, the model also takes into account the change in VE over time as measured in the European trial.
It could be considered that we have omitted a reduction of VE over time, as seen in the European trial during the second year of observation.
Other things being equal, I' m happy to wait a few minutes for a slow kettle rather than paying 0.06p ( or whatever) for the instant gratification of a hot drink before I' ve had time to prepare the sandwich to go with it.
A decrease in VE with time since vaccination was only observed in individuals aged ≥ 65 years.
Decreasing VE with time since vaccination was not observed in patients <65 years (p for trend = 0.335) (Table 2).
The suggested decrease in influenza VE with time since vaccination was mostly observed in the elderly population.
A decreasing influenza VE over time could be related to increasing changes in circulating viruses towards the end of the season and/or potentially waning immunity in the months following vaccination [ 12, 29].
A sub-study of the SPS re-enrolled over 14,000 subjects (7,320 vaccine and 6,950 placebo recipients) in the short-term persistence sub-study (STPS) in order to assess the persistence of VE over time since vaccination [ 52, 53].
