The higher consensus levels on questions related to exposure compared with toxicokinetics and toxicology is not surprising since the dose, exposure route, animal model, vast number of endpoints, and methods for extrapolation to humans vary greatly.
Considering the subjectivity present in many clustering applications and the vast number of possible clustering methods, we placed emphasis on examining higher-level theoretical issues, rather than specific application-oriented concerns.
Though a vast number of chemical and physical methods of synthesis are available for metal NPs, these methods are not free from drawbacks [4, 5, 6].
So far, a vast number of vibration signal processing methods have been used in fault detection of the gear box and bearing for wind turbines, such as spectrum analysis [8], wavelet transform [9], Wigner-Vile distribution [10] and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) [11].
Given the vast number of potential normalization and preprocessing methods, we limited our exploration to methods for which there is a rationale.
Despite the vast number of SNPs, SNP-based comparison methods typically employ no more than a few hundred markers, in part to avoid the effects of genetic linkage, as this would render each comparison non-independent during analysis.
Among the simulation methods there are a vast number of studies using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method for the prediction of different aspects of polymeric nano-micelles for encapsulating drugs.
Traditional approaches to identify SNP interactions usually use bio-statistical methods such as contingency tables combined with k-fold cross-validation, but the vast number of possible combinations makes the application of traditional methods difficult.
Moreover, within the vast number of publications citing the original genome-aware methods, there exists an inordinate number of computational biology citations (data not shown).
For one thing, with such a vast number of different emissions sources and no single method for measuring emissions, enforcing compliance becomes hard, tempting companies to fudge the numbers.
