This is basic economics; prices tend to fall, or at least slow their rise, when there is vast excess capacity and weak demand.
For example, officials, seeking to secure promotions by achieving short-term economic targets, misallocated resources; basic industries such as steel and cement built up vast excess capacity; and bad loans accumulated on the balance sheets of banks and local governments.
This is a vast excess, equal to the total emissions today of America, Europe and Russia combined.At Copenhagen, countries made various pledges some firm, some conditional to cut emissions.
It, too, has vast excess capacity among state-owned companies that keep running just to provide jobs.
These results may explain how the RNA polymerase is able to find the promoter in biologically relevant times out of a vast excess of non-target sites.
Template amplification was exclusively observed with intended targets and it was not compromised by a vast excess of non-target DNA (i.e. DNA from human and human fecal origin, respectively).
In contrast, the very high QY for the photocatalysed reduction of DCIP is due to the presence of a vast excess of glycerol which traps the photogenerated holes efficiently and so allow time for the slower reduction of dye to take place.
While it is still possible that other reductants may be responsible for this process (and that they may change during hypoxia to cause increased tracer retention), the intracellular concentration of GSH in mammalian cells is millimolar, and in vast excess to the sub-nanomolar intracellular concentration of 64Cu(ATSM) present when injected as a PET tracer.
It is also very difficult to determine (Miguel and Barbas 2003) small amounts of degradation products in a vast excess of parent drug and even more so when the compounds do not present a chromophore as this makes their detection more difficult.
This data suggests that, at least, part of the vast excess of phosphorylated molecules (about 11000) that constitute the "transcriptional noise" could be also arrested non-active competent RNA pol II molecules [49].
From the values cited above it is clear that a PCR reaction with the typical one Unit of Taq polymerase starts with a vast excess of polymerase molecules compared to DNA template.
