The circadian timing system influences a vast array of behavioral responses.
Small signaling peptides perceived by receptors are situated in specific cells to control growth and development by eliciting a vast array of physiological responses.
In particular, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α are the key pro-atherogenic cytokines, which induce the expression of a vast array of inflammatory responses of endothelial cells and macrophages, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor enhances atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Although the human circadian system encompasses a vast array of physiologic responses, the hormone melatonin deserves particular attention for a possible connection to cancer for two reasons (Blask et al. 2005a, 2005b; Figure 2).
Affected individuals demonstrate a heterogeneous phenotype that includes a vast array of symptomology, variable responses to treatment, and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) [ 1- 4].
The activities of these proteins affect physiological responses to the vast array of specific stimuli received by plant cells [ 7].
This strategy bypasses the requirement for an extracellular agonist and can conceivably be used to accurately study cellular responses to a vast array of signalling molecules.
The Rel/NF-κB transcription factors are a family of structurally related eukaryotic transcription factors that are involved in the control of a vast array of processes, such as immune and inflammatory responses, developmental processes, cellular growth and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
NF- κB family transcription factors regulate the transcription of a vast array of proteins in cell survival, proliferation and inflammatory response (Hayden and Ghosh, 2008; Sun, 2012).
