VLM, also called lymphangioma, is a congential, hamartomous vascular malformation with variable lymphoid and venous vascular elements.
Lymphangiohemangioma, also called lymphatic-venous or venolymphatic malformation, is a rare malformation of the lymphatics, with vascular elements.
Bosniak IV cysts are characterized as solid masses with large cystic or necrotic components, irregular margins, and solid vascular elements [2].
AML is a relatively rare benign tumor (0.3-3% of all renal neoplasms) composed of fat, muscle tissue and vascular elements in various proportions [50].
The exceptional respiratory efficiency of the avian lung is largely attributable to the geometries (physical interfacing) between the bronchial and vascular elements at different levels of morphological organization.
Haemangiomas typically retain some high signal on fat-suppressed sequences, e.g. short tau inversion recovery (STIR); because of their vascular elements, the degree of high signal on STIR imaging depends on the balance of fat and vascular components.
It is worth noticing that lectin histochemistry specifically detected vascular elements.
It is likely therefore that its presence in vascular elements within the bladder is not specific to this tissue.
Confocal immunofluorescent laser scanning microscopy revealed that NTPD1 is expressed at high levels in endothelium of vascular elements occurring prominently within the lamina propria and is also present throughout the detrusor smooth muscle (Fig. 3b and 3c).
It is postulated to promote colonization of plant tissues and to provide protection from harsh environmental conditions, and it contributes to occlusion of vascular elements in wilts and blights [41], [45].
Anatomically, in the cheetah as in other carnivores, there is an endothelio-chorial placenta, a type of placenta facilitating exchanges between the mother and the fetus, in particular thanks to the proximity of their vascular elements.
