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Vascular defects causing abnormal bleeding are rare.
Yamada described what can happen in laboratory animals when the basement membranes lack integrity, and there was a ripple of recognition around the table when he listed many of the symptoms Stiers has, too: gray hair, tooth abnormalities, muscle degeneration, vascular defects, cartilage and bone abnormalities and abnormal nails.
No placental, yolk sac or vascular defects were identified.
Therefore, the vascular defects and hemorrhage precede pericyte coverage of the affected vessels, suggesting that these vascular defects originate in the endothelium.
Embryos were examined for EC apoptosis and vascular defects at different time points.
Notably, similar vascular defects are observed in haploinsufficient VEGF mouse embryos [12].
The vascular defects we observed were likely intrinsic to the endothelium.
Of note, our model represents a ciliopathy-based photoreceptor degeneration with secondary vascular defects.
In detail, Dll4 deficient mice have severe vascular defects, similar to Notch 1 and 4 knock-outs [8], [9].
Most of the vascular defects observed in VE-cadherin morphants may be explained by the lack of strong intercellular contacts.
In addition to retinal degeneration, chronic inflammation and vascular defects are also observed in some of these blinding diseases.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com