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The recent textbook by Pietikäinen et al. [3] provide a good description of texture in stating that "A textured area in an image can be characterized by a non-uniform or varying spatial distribution of intensity or color".
When a laser beam propagates through the atmosphere, the randomly varying spatial distribution of refractive index that it encounters causes the following effects [152]: (a) Fluctuating intensity as observed with an optical detector at the end of the path (scintillation).
Concerns that such parametric models could oversmooth have led several authors to develop semiparametric spatial models that replace the continuously varying spatial distribution for {θ i} by discrete allocation or partition models.
For example, damages have been measured as reduced fishery values since time of invasion, but these estimates do not consider other potential causal factors or variation in key traits of the native or invading species, such as varying invasion densities, predation rates or varying spatial distribution of native species.
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Analyzing >900 gene-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in 847 individuals, we identified four genetically distinct groups that exhibited varying spatial distributions with considerable overlap and mixture.
Presented here are a nonlinear thermomechanical finite-element model of U-shaped three-plug oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) and numerical methods that can accurately predict the model's oscillation frequency and calculate the time-varying spatial distribution of temperature and the global heat transfer efficiency.
However, these products are based on a range of input data with varying spatial resolutions, aiming to estimate carbon distributions of woody vegetation with a global model.
We have shown that the three main cytotypes of S. carniolicus (2 x, 4 x, 6 x) exhibit a complex distribution pattern with an unusually high proportion of contact areas with varying spatial extent.
A beam with periodically continuously varying spatial properties is analyzed.
We experimented with 40-m-long streamside flumes and constructed streambed landscapes with varying spatial heterogeneity.
Fig. 3 plots time series of standardized disease rates at varying spatial scales.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com