The real world, however, is prone to various types of unintentional and intentional interference of technogenic (man-made) origin that can disrupt critical communication systems.
The estimation of DOAs and time delays of the multipath rays is one major problem in smart antenna system to effectively locate and track various types of signals to minimize interference and maximize intended signal reception [3, 4].
Deterministic parameter estimation is one major problem in multi-sensor array system to effectively locate and track various types of signals to minimize interference and maximize intended signal reception, capitalizing various structure property of source signals or (and) received signals [1 4].
Robustness involves the system having the ability to accurately identify the audio when subjected to real world variations including compression and various types of distortion such as radio interference, environmental noise, pitch shifting, and time scaling.
Most of the time in CFF some other constitutive enzymes may also be present including various types of proteases which could cause interference during liquefaction and saccharification process of cassava starch.
In the real world, wireless communications are prone to various types of natural and technogenic (man-made) interference.
Recently, the multi-user diversity gain under optimal power control in C-MAC under average transmit and average interference power constraints with various types of fading channels was investigated in [22].
