On the basis of the X-ray diffraction and the ultraviolet-visible, IR and Raman spectral data, we have found that the immersion of PVA films into the iodine aqueous solutions containing the different type of counter ions (K+, Na+, Li+, H+, or Cs+) creates the various types of the crystal modification.
In the past, identification of the different sizes of droplets and of the various types of ice crystals was performed by a researcher in a tedious and subjective procedure.
Thus, it is likely that the different methods employed until now result in various types of HZ crystals which potentially diverge in their immunostimulatory properties.
(4) The molecular design of novel polymer materials with three-dimensionally high Young's moduli is made starting from the various types of conventional polymer crystals such as poly p-phenylene benzobisoxazole), poly p-phenyleneoly(p-phenylene), orthorhombenzobisoxazolee and cellulose.
The diffraction of the peak depends on the presence of various types of defects in a crystal.
The various types of arrangement of the liquid crystal layers in the device allow to modulate incident light beams in distinct ways.
Various types of β-alumina (including single-crystal cylindrical boules, Monofrax flakes polycrystalline sinters) have been investigated by electric modulus spectroscopy.
This chapter describes the application of various types of materials engineering to photonic crystals, with particular focus on band gap/defect, band edge, and transmission band within each band structure.
The XRD study showed that there was little difference in crystal composition for various types of TiO2 nano-particles anchored to ZnO nano-rods.
For example, greater viability and better proliferation of various types of cells have been detected on smaller crystals of calcium orthophosphates.
