Scientific constraints on the functionality of the system were identified, such as triage, contamination management, and various sample preparation steps, e.g., comminution, splitting, rock surfacing, and sieving.
In Mario Batali Cooks!, by contrast, the chef frequently offers contextual information to help users understand the logic of various ingredients and preparation steps.
All the individual preparation steps and the various resulting (multi-) layers are characterized by surface plasmon spectroscopy, X-ray and neutron-reflectometry, contact angle measurements, IR spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, scanning probe microscopies, as well as, electrochemical techniques.
There are various opportunities to introduce contaminants during the preparative GC purification, sample recovery, and NMR sample preparation steps.
The actual 454 GS FLX Titanium library preparation steps included blunt ending of small DNA fragments, 454 GS FLX Titanium adapter ligation, various purification steps, emulsion PCR and a final release of single-stranded DNA fragments.
Among various polymer-based sensing materials, polyaniline has emerged as a preferred choice owing to its cost-effectiveness, facile preparation steps, and superior sensing performance towards ammonia.
Further preparation steps are required to inhibit further oxidation.
SH and AN performed all sample preparation steps and measurements.
One of the surface preparation steps needed is wet cleaning.
