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It is well known that gut bacteria secrete small molecules to communicate with the host; bacteria-produced EVs contain various molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and easily travel within the host body, independent of transporters.
Hydrothermal environments as the interface zone between the hydro and lithosphere could have been capable of prebiotically synthesizing various molecules including fatty acids and amino acids.
We synthesized various molecules including amino, amide and hydroxy substitution on the 5th position of the (tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)methyl moiety.
The main purpose of the sonication treatment lies in splitting of nanotube bundles to allow further functionalization with various molecules including DNA [19, 20].
Trimetaphosphate (TMP) has been shown to be an active phosphorylating agent for various molecules including amino acids and nucleosides (Schwartz 1969; Rabinowitz and Hampai 1978; Yamagata et al. 1991).
The RIfS methods using polymer films and membranes have been explored over the last two decades by the Gauglitz group for label-free detection of various molecules including proteins, DNA, herbicides, and hydrocarbons [4, 6, 11 14].
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Other members of the superfamily methylate a variety of chemically diverse molecules, including various RNAs, proteins, lipids, small molecules, etc.
Indeed, we and others could recently show that disease associated mutations in phosphorylation sites or of critical residues constituting their recognition by cognate kinases are found in various signalling molecules, including several docking protein family members [ 57, 59, 60].
The reason for this is that the erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in various species of animals of the phylum chordata and are subject to various cytotoxic molecules, including proteins, called hemolysins.
We confirmed that this pathway can be abrogated by inhibition of various signaling molecules including PKCs.
provides attachment sites to various biological molecules including protein, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA) etc.
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