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Within all these classes of complexes, the various molecular components are not chemically linked to each other but are simply associated in such a way as to minimize hydrophobic contacts with water.
In addition to the mathematical modeling of system-wide behavior, systems biology has a wealth of data about various molecular components of cells stemming from functional genomics, RNomics, proteomics, and metabolomics methods.
This enables an automated, somewhat comprehensive monitoring of the changes of various molecular components associated with different disease states and drug treatments, therefore enables the characterization of disease and drug effects, and an elucidation of their relationships at a molecular systems level [6] [12].
The function of this system and its ability to concentrate inorganic carbon depends on the interplay between these various molecular components.
Bimolecular techniques can be used to measure concentrations of various molecular components, such as proteins and metabolites, allowing a partial reconstruction of the networks involving these components.
We now think we know most of the genes and the interesting question is no longer characterizing this or that gene but, rather, understanding how the various molecular components collectively give rise to phenotype and physiology.
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Finally, the concepts and realization of various molecular electronic components, that is, diodes, resonant tunnel diodes, memories and transistors, based on appropriate architecture of SAMs comprising of alkyl chains (σ- molecule) and conjugated molecules (π-molecule) have been presented.
These various cellular and molecular components are highly inter-dependent.
The normal process of aging is associated with progressive deterioration in both structure and function of various molecular, cellular, and tissue components that can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
During the complex host-microbe interactions, gut microbiome, intestinal epithelium, and resident immune components produce various molecular secretomes such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) [79], cytokines and chemokines [80], and antimicrobial peptides [81] under homeostatic condition.
Although advances have been made in characterizing the molecular components involved in various kidney functions, the molecular mechanisms responsible for sex differences are not well understood.
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