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These results also demonstrate that 1-hydroxypyrene-2-carboaldehyde can be a unique platform to introduce various ligands for the colorimetric and fluorescent recognition of metal ions.
Hydrophilic groups incorporated in the polymeric micelles can extend in vivo half-life of siRNA to ensure adequate accumulation in tumors, be exchanged for cations that electrostatically interact with siRNA, and be coupled to various ligands for cell-specific targeting.
Furthermore, their surface can be conveniently conjugated with various ligands for targeting cancers (Chen et al. 2010).
Various ligands for ASGPR including its natural ligand asialo-feutin (Arangoa et al. 2003) or galactosylated or lactosylated polymers (Kawakami et al. 1998; 2000), glucoside (Maitani et al. 2001), glycolipids (Sliedregt et al. 1999) when functionalized on to nanocarriers resulted in enhanced targeting to hepatocytes.
This was readily observed by examining EC50 values of the various ligands for production of each cytokine (Figure 5A).
Furthermore, nanogels can be chemically modified to incorporate various ligands for targeted drug delivery, triggered drug release, or preparation of composite materials [ 122].
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Two TGF-β signaling receptors called Type I and II have been described for various ligands of the superfamily from organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans.
Once initial 3D reconstructions of RyRs became available, it was quite easy to determine additional reconstructions at moderate resolutions of RyRs that have been chemically modified by various ligands, mainly for the purpose of determining the locations of the ligands.
We hypothesize that these conformational transitions have biological significance in that they provide a mechanism to finely regulate the affinity of various ligands toward heparin, for example, in secretory granules undergoing exocytosis and during the mechanical interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix.
1H,15N-HSQC spectra [34] of 15N-rRKIP in the presence of the various ligands were acquired for 40 min at 30°C on a Varian Inova 600 spectrometer equipped with a cryogenic probe and a 9-position sample changer.
Furthermore, besides being the carriers for RNAi activators, nanocubes can easily be modified with various ligands such as aptamers for targeted delivery (Supporting Information Figure S8).
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