Sentence examples for various effector pathways from inspiring English sources

Unexpectedly, the Imd pathway components that are implicated in the activation of various effector pathways upon gram-negative bacterial infection in Drosophila were not present in our transcriptome.

It was found that the TOR-shared signaling branch is composed of various effector pathways that control a wide variety of readouts that collectively determine the mass of the cell.

Taken together, these observations suggest that the autoantibodies can have three distinct effects on the receptor: (i) they modulate the binding of true ligands; (ii) they activate per se various effector pathways downstream of the receptor; (iii) they modulate the receptor's disposition and response to simultaneous agonist binding in a varied manner.

Three types of PGRP-like proteins were found in the A. mylitta immune repertoire in the present study as compared to D. melanogaster where 13 PGRP genes are known to be involved in the activation of the various effector pathways in immunity [ 27].

Since mutation/deletion experiments have clearly demonstrated the importance of the Gab2/Grb2 interaction for the activation of the various effector pathways controlled by this docking protein [ 39, 40], important issues that remain to be resolved for many signalling systems are whether both recruitment sites are equally important, functionally redundant or are used in a stimulus-specific manner.

Ras mediates the activation of several effector pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in various inflammatory effector pathways in RA through B-cell, fibroblast and osteoclast activation.

RAS-GTPs are acting as signal transducers across membranes by binding various effector proteins to stimulate signaling pathways [ 143, 147].

Similar to Rickettsia prowazekii, the Wolbachia genome contains genes encoding components of the Type IV secretion system (T4SS) [ 5, 9], a pathogenic bacterial protein secretary pathway known to secrete various effector molecules affecting cell host physiology [ 10].

IEC detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through their pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) and then secrete cytokines and chemokines that activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and direct the migration of various effector cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity [24].

The activity of ERK2, an essential component of MAP-kinase pathway, is under the strict control of various effector proteins.