However, the various important ecological functions of tidal flats are not recognized, as in most cases the tidal flats are utilized simply as reclaimed land.
Fruit volatiles are essential components of fruit flavor, have defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses, and contribute to various physiological and ecological functions during plant development [ 1].
The benthic macrofauna in mangrove forests are important contributors to ecological functions, mediating various sedimentary properties.
The objective of the FREP was to evaluate the effects of restoration, through afforestation of various local climax species, on ecological functions to provide guidance for future restoration projects on severely deteriorated landscapes, which are very common in southern China.
The Ex-ante approach has been used in various hydro-ecological, biogeochemical and ecological functions (Brouwer et al. 1999); water quality (Desvousges et al. 1987; Carson and Mitchell 1993) and future impacts on water resources (Schltz and Lindsay 1990).
While ecological research has historically focused on biotic diversity as a dependent variable, asking how it is maintained by various ecological processes, the essential question of diversity-function research is how diversity regulates, rather than responds to, these processes [10].
The objective of the FREP was to evaluate the effects of restoration on ecological functions through afforestation by using various local species.
In Switzerland, several projects have been implemented to maintain or recreate ecological functions of floodplains.
This suggests that natural selection has promoted the recruitment of new gene functions in the suf operon to optimize the efficiency of Fe S cluster biogenesis in the various ecological niches inhabited by these taxa.
