Sentence examples for various duplications from inspiring English sources

It has been shown that the origin of the plant miRNAs is dependent on the occurrence of various duplications, probably followed by chromosomal rearrangements and loss of duplicated genes [ 24, 49, 62, 63].

The similarity in the nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide genes, and pseudogenes, of both the α and β gene families indicates that they are all homologous that is, that they have arisen through various duplications and subsequent evolution from a gene ancestral to all.

They presented phylogenetic evidence that the 30 Abpa genes in the mouse genome fall into five ancestral clades, and they estimated the ages of various duplications in each clade which they calculated from the age of Mus.

To study the evolution of I2 homologues from different sub-loci, a distance tree was constructed using approximately 2.5 kb sequences of I2 homologues (their 3′ parts were excluded due to various duplications) from tomato (16), potato (39), pepper (9) and N. sylvestris (18) and N. tomentosiformis (11) (Additional file 2: Figure S3).

Most gene families in plant genomes seem to be organized in several large clusters of highly homologous genes, most likely resulting from various duplication events.

Using this ensemble, we derive the probabilities of various duplication scenarios.

However, given the evidence suggesting that variation in this region is associated with gene expression and behavior in humans, it is possible that various duplication and deletion events and their effects on the flanking regions have influenced sociobehavioral traits during primate evolution.

In a similar case as to that seen with sDp3 balanced sDf121, several duplications of various sizes extend into the deficiency region of sDf128.

Such MTase may exhibit various deletions, duplications of certain regions and rearrangements, as long as these modifications allow the protein to provide protection against the ENase.

There is now enough sequence data available to analyze the various amplifications, duplications, insertions and other high-level changes within the evolutionary DNA hierarchy to allow us to see when and where they occurred and what role they had (e.g. the Hox gene set whose evolution has been studied by Peter Holland and his colleagues [ 11]).

We identified various paralogous duplications in the phylogenetic analysis of PKS-containing protein, and the Sporothrix lineage appears to have of PKS-encoding genes that is at least 3-fold larger than that of the other species analyzed (Additional file 2: Table S4, Figure  8).