Various studies have revealed different evolutionary dynamics for these different types of chromosomes [ 5, 45, 46], prompting us to divide our analyses along those same lines.
With regard to how gene loss influences various cellular functions on different evolutionary lineages within the PVC super-phylum, we distinguished three main groups of phylogenetic lineages (supplementary fig. S13 D, Supplementary Material online).
We used a posterior predictive approach to determine whether the observed MDI differed from the various evolutionary expectations of the different evolutionary models [ 39].
Thus, homomorphic and heteromorphic sex chromosomes that have emerged in various angiosperm lineages may represent different evolutionary stages, providing a great opportunity to examine early sex chromosome evolution (Ming et al. 2011; Charlesworth 2013).
It is difficult to say at present why costs are more prevalent in some systems, and it may simply be that the various host-parasite systems have different evolutionary histories; some of these lead to costs, others do not.
These scores are computed based on various different approaches, such as sequence homology, evolutionary conservation, protein structure or statistical prediction based on known mutations.
However, the use of different evolutionary operators and their various parameter settings has a significant impact on its performance.
It emphasizes the utility of different evolutionary computing tools to various facets of knowledge discovery from databases, ranging from theoretical analysis to real-life applications.
We suggest deviations of the topologies of the Nek subfamilies from our analysis from the species tree may represent different evolutionary constraints in the various lineages.
Nevertheless, convergent evolution of various troglomorphic species might be driven by different evolutionary mechanisms.
