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Increased variance in mdx mice rather supports the view that canalization can be altered by various deleterious mutations, in agreement with similar results involving other mutations [ 36].
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New deleterious mutations arose in the various mutation rate backgrounds in a Poisson fashion, and genotypic fitnesses were entirely a function of the number of deleterious mutations carried, using the multiplicative fitness function noted above.
We will now attempt to compare the effects of accumulation of recessive deleterious mutations in populations undergoing various degrees of inbreeding and with a theoretical completely outbred population.
The magnitude of inbreeding depression tends to differ among various fitness traits depending on the occurance of deleterious mutations and selection against the mutations (Charlesworth and Willis, 2009).
Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as one of the most important regulators of gene function and tissue homeostasis that appear to be amenable for development of novel therapies to treat deleterious mutations and restore cellular function in various diseases.
It is also recognized that artificial selection can cause deleterious mutations to accumulate in domesticated populations for various reasons, including inbreeding and the hitchhiking of deleterious genes along with those under intense artificial selection (e.g., Lu et al. 2006; Cruz et al. 2008).
Under such genetic backgrounds, deleterious mutations detected in each substrain may cause various pathogenic phenotypes.
For this to occur, various different possible scenarios could be hypothesized: inactivation of genes by deleterious mutations resulting in the accumulation of pseudogenes or loss of genome fragments by deletion of larger DNA portions via rearrangements [ 27].
However, although several reports indicated that cigarette smoke has various deleterious effects on mitochondrial function its impact on subjects carrying the LHON mutations has never been previously investigated.
Deleterious mutations are much easier to study than beneficial mutations.
"Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sexual reproduction".
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