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Opfer et al. (2012) found similar findings when they varied test items with plants or animals, with students providing more key evolutionary concepts for animal items than plant items.
Transformation of the impedance data to the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) and comparison of measurements taken under systematically varied test conditions enabled clear visual identification of five electrode processes that contribute to the cell resistance.
Because the scoring of each cognitive test varied, test scores were standardized to give a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 (z-scores).
As the laboratory assays used at each centre varied, test results were classified as normal/abnormal using the reference ranges from each centre (see supplementary appendix table S1, available online only).
Six alternative breeding schemes were simulated in which the design of the test population was varied: test sibs inherited maternal (Mat), paternal (Pat) or a mixture of maternal and paternal (MatPat) double haploid genomes or test sibs were obtained by maximum coancestry mating (MaxC), minimum coancestry mating (MinC), or random (RAND) mating.
Across varied test stimuli, confidence-based classifications equalled or out-performed single decisions.
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Oscillation Diversity uses conversion, inversion, and phase transformation to vary test suite amplitudes, frequencies, and phases.
Lau et al. ([2009]) tried to vary test-taking effort in a low-stakes assessment by changing the behavior of the test proctors (invigilators).
In Experiments 1a and 2a testing location was varied from test to test to avoid habituation to the task.
The number of patients with post-operative laboratory test results varied by test.
The number of worms varied from test to test, and n refers to the number of replicates performed.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com