A new paper* (no paywall here) looks at the "cyclicality" of fiscal policy in emerging markets—in plain English, how the government varies spending and taxation during the business cycle.
The extent and nature of the growth of government varied (less spending in America and Japan than in Western Europe; more regulation and planning in Europe and Japan than in America), but the thrust was similar.This is a crude description, but then the lessons had been learned crudely.
The geography of his life has been varied: he spent eight years in Philadelphia, one year in southern Lebanon with his fellow-Islamists in forced exile, and four in an Israeli prison.
Priorities have varied, with Democrats spending more through the Environmental Protection Agency and Commerce while Republicans spend more on Defense, the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health.
But in rich countries consumers as a group are quite free to vary their spending patterns in the short run; they may at any particular time spend more than usual because they anticipate shortages or because they believe that their incomes will rise further; or they may cut back their spending if they fear that a recession is about to develop.
State policy profiles vary significantly on spending on state-funded PreK, but profile membership is not significantly related to other state demographic and ECE characteristics or to extant ratings of policies governing state-funded PreK and child care licensing.
The thinktank said the CPI relied on average buying patterns, when in reality household purchases varied; poorer households spent proportionately more on essential goods and services, such as housing, food and utilities, than the richest.
Uganda spent hundreds of millions of dollars on Sukhoi SU-30 combat aircraft but little on the precision weapons to go with them.The reasons for African governments to boost arms spending vary.
The work itself is incredibly varied -- she can spend one whole day sitting, wrapped in a sleeping bag, minding a light 70 or 80 feet above a set, another dodging rats as she runs cable under a Beverly Hills mansion -- but two things are not.
To address this issue for women with all 3 risks, the counselor varied the time spent on a particular risk in any given session, so that all risks would eventually be fully addressed over time.
