In their study, Staples et al. (2013) investigated whether the frequency, function, and fixedness of lexical bundles used by learners of English as a foreign language in a controlled environment vary across proficiency levels or not.
However, in case of non-homogeneity of variance, gender differences vary by proficiency level; looking at extreme tails helps to nuance the outcomes on gender differences.
Several teachers commented that pairing students fairly was difficult, as students' proficiency levels varied within a given class.
We wanted to assess if EEG profiles varied across different meditation techniques, proficiency levels and experience of the practitioners.
In *Read (1993), ESL learners' verbal report indicated that when they encountered an unknown stimulus word, their strategies appeared to vary according to proficiency level.
Recently, several studies have shown that while face-dependent activation within the core face network is observed from at least mid-childhood (Cohen Kadosh and Johnson 2007), face-specific response patterns continue to undergo a prolonged process of fine-tuning and they vary as a function of age and processing proficiency levels (Golarai et al. 2007).
(1) Gender differences vary by content area, students' educational levels, and students' proficiency levels.
Results indicate that the size of differences between males and females in learning achievement varies according to the proficiency level, i.e. between low and high achievers.
In mathematics, effect sizes were smaller than in reading, but again, the size of the effect varies according to the proficiency level of the students.
Moreover, the task demands vary depending on the proficiency level in both languages.
States set proficiency levels for their own tests at widely varying levels.
