However, in case of non-homogeneity of variance, gender differences vary by proficiency level; looking at extreme tails helps to nuance the outcomes on gender differences.
In their study, Staples et al. (2013) investigated whether the frequency, function, and fixedness of lexical bundles used by learners of English as a foreign language in a controlled environment vary across proficiency levels or not.
While examinees' performance on the questions targeting local and global listening comprehension varied among the proficiency groups, scores revealed significant differences for listening skills within several of the proficiency groups.
Since our participants varied in English proficiency (see Table 5) and we assumed that they were unlikely to improve their writing ability at the same speed across classes, we tested random-intercept, random-slope models.
Several teachers commented that pairing students fairly was difficult, as students' proficiency levels varied within a given class.
RQ2: To what extent does test performance vary according to proficiency of L2 Chinese? (Assumption 2).
In *Read (1993), ESL learners' verbal report indicated that when they encountered an unknown stimulus word, their strategies appeared to vary according to proficiency level.
Participants varied in age, gender, language proficiency, and level of volunteer experience.
We wanted to assess if EEG profiles varied across different meditation techniques, proficiency levels and experience of the practitioners.
Physicians varied in computer-based prescribing proficiency with a range in the time required to write three standardised prescriptions of 2.8 10.4 min. Most physicians (82%) set the drug alert preference to view only severe alerts.
While state "proficiency" standards vary widely, it finds, "most states' proficiency standards are at or below NAEP's definition of Basic performance".
