They sequenced the Nav1.8 gene from the grasshopper mouse, and compared it to that of the common mouse, to identify multiple DNA sequence variations that confer insensitivity to scorpion venom.
Yet, superimposed on this general design are variations that confer certain idiosyncratic characteristics on each promoter.
Variations that confer growth advantage and are positively selected during cancer development are known as drivers and other variations carried along during cancer progression are called for passengers [ 4].
The biologic response to environmental exposure occurs as a result of complex interactions between multiple genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, highlighting the importance of defining markers of genetic variation that confer differential functional significance in target cellular pathways.
Scattered evenly through all four groups were 19 subjects who were carriers of the APOE-4 genetic variation that confers a higher risk of Alzheimer's.
25 It is possible that the genetic variation that confers liability for postpartum haemorrhage acts through one or more of these biological processes.
Mutations are a source of genetic variation that confers to an organism either advantage due to a beneficial change, disadvantage due to a deleterious alteration, or neither due to a neutral change.
Altogether, these findings suggest sequence variations that might confer escape or reduced replicative capacity do occur in some individuals, but sequence variations do not clearly differentiate most HLA-matched LTNP/EC from progressors (Bailey et al., 2006, Blankson et al., 2007, Buckheit et al., 2012, Lamine et al., 2007, Migueles et al., 2003, Miura et al., 2009, Navis et al., 2007).
Cdk1 substrates, for example, often have multiple phosphorylation sites, and ordered substrate phosphorylation is likely to depend on variations in docking motifs that confer differences in specificity (defined as k cat /KM) [ 28].
A review by Elson and Cong in this Special Issue provides a framework for understanding IBD pathogenesis by discussing our current understanding of the diverse immune responses to the microbiota that maintain homeostasis and the human genetic variations and underlying mechanisms that confer susceptibility to IBD.
Differences in methylation levels can lead to differences in gene expression, and can include variation in transcriptional levels that confer phenotypic effects [ 20, 30].
