Instead, they need to be recognized and self-consciously engaged, as part of an iterative process directed at clarifying the import of human genetic variation in the long term and of using genetic insights to help eliminate, rather than reinforce, disparities in health status.
Roulstone and Norbury describe the discovery of chaos theory's butterfly effect, in which tiny variations in initial conditions produce large variations in the long-term behavior of a system--dashing the hopes of perfect predictability for weather patterns.
Variations in the long-term survival among studies utilizing different research methods are likely caused by the combined effects of differences in case mixture and demographic variables (severity of illness and burden of comorbidity).
Such changes may appear in the long term (annual variations) or medium term (seasonal variations, weekly).
We close by speculating on what mechanisms may help explain variation in the long-term effects of youth service or activist experiences.
In both experiments, we identified an order effect of the antibiotics used in the sequential protocol, leading to significant variation in the long-term efficacy of the tested protocols.
Only with extreme glaciation events (e.g., Oi-1, Mi-1, Mi-3b) the concurrence of eccentricity minima and low-amplitude variations (nodes) in the long-term (~ 1.2 Myrs) obliquity cycle have to be taken into account as an additional component (Lourens and Hilgen, 1997; Zachos et al., 2001b; Pälike et al., 2006; Van Dam et al., 2006; Holbourn et al., 2007).
Currently, it is not clear how robust the rhythm of this 24-h variation is in the long-term [ 16], that is how much the pattern of IOP curves changes over the years.
However due to the complexity of future climate change and the long term variation in the system, risk will reduce in some areas and fluctuate greatly over time in others.
Geographic connection of areas previously isolated [ 22] or the long term variation in climatic conditions, produce large scale movements of several taxa which could generate congruent spatial distribution patterns among them [ 23, 24].
