The temporal variation is assumed to be slow enough compared to the spatial variation divided by the CHAMP velocity, so that the temporal changes can be ignorable.
The rate is defined by the reflectance variation divided by the unbiased reflection at each λ, which reaches up to 5.16 near λ = 2.56 μm.
Tidal total respiratory system, chest wall, and lung elastance were calculated as tidal airway pressure variation, tidal pleural pressure variation, and the difference between tidal airway and pleural pressure variation divided by tidal volume (ΔPAW/VT, ΔPPL/VT, (ΔPAW − ΔPPL /VT), respectively.
The ratio of tidal impedance variation divided by tidal volume from the small ROIs, to minimize diaphragm influence, is shown in Figure 4B.
We found that tidal impedance variation divided by tidal volume significantly decreased on caudal EIT slices, whereas this measurement increased on the cranial EIT slices.
Whereas the tidal volume impedance variation divided by tidal volume increased at the cranial lung level and decreased at the caudal lung level during the step-wise reductions in PEEP.
Both the tidal impedance variation and the tidal volume decreased at the decremental PEEP steps, but the ratio of tidal impedance variation divided by tidal volume decreased at the caudal level and increased at the cranial level during the decremental PEEP trial.
In this study, the center of gravity index measured with EIT decreased at both the cranial and caudal thoracic levels during a decremental PEEP trial, whereas tidal impedance variation divided by tidal volume decreased at the caudal level and increased at the cranial level.
Broad-sense heritabilities were calculated for each trait as the ratio of the genetic variation (genotype) divided by phenotypic variation (due to genotype and residual).
To represent the variation in triplicate measurements, the coefficient of variation (S.D. divided by the mean) was calculated.
