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Intraobserver variation was expressed using ICC and found to be 0.881, on average.
Interlaboratory variation was expressed as percentage geometric coefficient of variation (%GCV) between the individual laboratory GMTs.
Seed size variation was expressed as coefficient of variation per treatment (CV = standard deviation/mean).
Genetic variation was expressed by gene diversity (He), which is gene variability corrected for sample size, and Nei's D [ 82], both calculated in the program SPAGeDi version 1.3.
The random variation was expressed as standard deviation of the differences (sddiff-inter) between the first and second measurements (double examinations) along with 95% limits of agreement (LOA) according to Bland and Altman.
Goodness of fit coefficients was used to evaluate the models: R-square described explained variance of the model, R-square of prediction expressed predictive ability of the model, and C.V. (coefficient of variation) was expressed as a percentage of the mean.
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Therefore, the resultant variation is expressed by (11).
The cycle-to-cycle variation is expressed as the mean value, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation of these three parameters.
The seasonal variation is expressed by a general enrichment that reaches −4.8‰ during the dry season, related to the recycled vapor contained within the summer precipitation.
However, our results suggest that broad scale genetic variation in white pine radial growth response does exist across a large portion of its natural range, and this variation is expressed when provenances are planted outside their regional climatic habitat.
The diurnal variation is expressed in terms of harmonic 6- 8- 12- and 24-hour tidal components; the seasonal dependence in terms of the day of year, and the solar activity dependence in terms of the yearly sunspot number.
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