Considering the base substitution rate of transformation-induced SNPs was highly comparable with the rate induced by somaclonal variation, transformation-induced SNPs cannot be readily distinguished from somaclonal variants.
Phase transformations in solid state are accompanied by volume variation and transformation plasticity.
Total variation (TV) transformation is a kind of commonly used regularization prior model.
The alloy showed high stability upon stress-free thermal cycling, variation in transformation temperatures being ±1 °C.
We found considerable variation in transformation rates according to the local context and topographical conditions.
The driving force increases with film thickness so the nonmonotonic variation in transformation rate implies that the density of (1 0 0) nuclei decreases with thickness.
Meanwhile, an equilibrium energy model of fracture dynamic propagation is proposed to describe the energy variation and transformation in porous medium.
Accurate quantification of genome-wide variation in transformation frequency will require either sequencing much larger sets of recombinants or deeply sequencing large pools of recombinant genomes.
RecA has an important role in pathogenic Neisseria species, being involved in repeat-associated events, including those associated with pilus antigenic variation and transformation in N. meningitidis [ 25].
Due to the difficulties still involved in genetic modification of C. thermocellum, we aimed to understand the cause of this plasmid-to-plasmid variation in transformation efficiency.
