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There was, however, intra and interreader variation: reader 1 scored a higher number of joints with change than reader 2 in both readings, and both readers assigned a change to a higher number of joints in the first reading compared with the second reading.
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For a comprehensive treatise on regular variation the reader is referred to Bingham et al. [22].
Second, inter-reader variation by 25 different local readers who assessed the MRI may have influenced this study too.
Interpreting the Tubex test results was found to be difficult and the results were prone to inter - reader variation.
After taking into consideration the slight differences present in exposure concentration or mining techniques, as well as the X-ray reader variation or changes in X-ray standard, these epidemiologic results indicate that physicochemical characteristics of the coals responsible for toxicity are different in the eastern and western states (Attfield and Morring 1992a).
Finally, translating imaging findings into standardised care with minimal inter-reader variation is improved by clinical decision rules.
We attempted to study the effect of readers' variation on two measures of multireader reliability: pair-wise agreement and Fleiss' kappa.
This was done to magnify any inter-reader variation in a pragmatic manner.
The coefficients of intra-reader variation (CVs) for the medial and lateral tibial cartilage volume measures were 3.4%and2.0%0% respectively [ 11].
The reason for this difference could be due to several factors; in addition to the usual inter-reader variation observed when ordering a diagnostic test [ 27], there were some differences related to the type of clinical departments included in each hospital.
At points in the process where variations occur, the reader is presented with a Yes or No question.
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