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This data provides clear evidence that regulation of expression of yir genes is very different to that observed for the var or stevor gene family in P. falciparum maintained in vitro, indicating that antigenic variation mediated by yir does not involve the sequential activation of one gene after another but the exposure of many YIR variants to the immune system at the same time.
In summary we describe an example of an isogenic population showing selectable phenotypic variation, mediated by epigenetic inheritance.
It is therefore important to understand the baseline naturally extant variation in a population of isogenic, unexposed, age-matched animals and to provide assays to detect shifts in variation mediated by other conditions.
Our finding of large scale interstrain variation mediated by HGT at an LPS locus, in two important xanthomonad pathogens infecting diverse hosts, suggests that plant pathogenic bacteria are under selection to vary their LPS gene clusters i.e., that variations have an important adaptive value.
We present here the comparative genomic analysis of these orthologous regions and haplotype variation mediated by LTR-retrotransposons, thereby depicting the nature, timing, rate and specificity of DNA changes observed in these regions during the speciation and diversification of these closely related Oryza species.
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In this report, we analyzed one-hundred and fifty-two primary CRCs and paired normal mucosa in order to correlate PPARG expression variations mediated by epigenetic events with tumor progression and patients' survival.
Duplicated genomes in O. minuta have maintained the diploid genome organization, except for several structural variations mediated by transposon movement.
Further studies are needed to collect prospective data on children and young adults' sociodemographic circumstances, track birth region variation in the body weight among such a cohort, and assess if this variation is mediated by social and biological pathways emerging before midlife.
Experiments were conducted to determine if diurnal variations occur in the cellular and humoral immune responses of sexually mature, male Japanese quail and if this diurnal variation is mediated by the daily rhythm of melatonin.
This mechanism of phenotypic variation is mediated by differential expression of the PfRh proteins and activation of specific ligands.
We further demonstrate that most of this variation is mediated by the activity of multiple families of retrotransposons and DNA transposons.
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