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It is time to investigate somaclonal variation, in vitro selection and haploid breeding for Jatropha improvement.
To do this, we created DNA substrates to mimic the cellular process of antigenic variation in vitro.
To create DNA substrates to mimic pilin antigenic variation in vitro, we utilized previously-identified variants of N. gonorrhoeae with distinct changes at the pilE locus that had arisen during cultivation of N. gonorrhoeae [42].
We also observed small increases in strand exchange through substrates constructed to mimic the cellular process of antigenic variation in vitro (containing small microheterologies); however, RecANg showed a lower ability to catalyze strand exchange through a 100 bp heterologous insert than RecAEc (Figure 6C).
Then the dye-polymer conjugate nanofiber scaffold was utilized to detect oxygen variation in vitro and using hypoxia models in vivo.
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For environmental chemicals, the extent of population variation in in vitro cytotoxicity may serve as a surrogate for cellular variation in the toxicodynamic relationship between systemically available concentrations and toxic responses (Zeise et al. 2013).
Collagen orientation, quantified by shape descriptor (D) values that ranges from 0 to 1, representing completely random (D = 0) to aligned (D = 1) fibers, exhibited large variation both in vitro and in vivo (0.167 < D < 0.36 and 0.17 < D < 0.52, respectively).
The temporal variation of in vitro resistance to CQ paralleled the prevalence of Pfcrt "76T only" infections.
Therefore, the ASA values are just an indicator that may be taken into account during a screening for possible targets, and cannot alone explain all variation observed in vitro.
We used our annotated transcriptional network to investigate this variation separately in vitro and in vivo.
In particular, the large variation of in vitro experiments in HLMs or hepatocytes causes the doubts in reproducibility.
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